Scientists have identified a new genus of lizards in the Peruvian Andes. The animals live in mountain regions at elevations of more than 2,900 meters. Two species had been known for over 20 years but had previously been assigned to other genera.
Peru's wildlife is enriched by a new scientific discovery. An international research team has described the genus Perusaurus from the family Gymnophthalmidae in the central Andes. The study appeared in the scientific journal Taxonomy on October 26, 2026. Peruvian media reported on the results in early November.
Two previously known species were reclassified. In addition, the researchers found evidence of at least two other possible species that have yet to be officially described.
New lizard genus in Peru: Locations found at elevations of over 2,900 meters
The animals studied come from Huánuco and Pasco in central Peru. Their known habitats are located between 2,980 and 3,300 meters above sea level. Documented locations include Monte Potrero in the Chaglla district, Achupampa, Saccsahuanca, and Malhuapampa in the Huariaca district.
The collection areas are located on the eastern slopes of the Andes and on both sides of the Huallaga River. Cloud forests, steep valleys, and isolated habitats may contribute to populations evolving independently. The geography of Peru provides an overview of the landscapes.
It remains unclear whether Perusaurus is found exclusively there. Further field studies could reveal additional locations.
DNA analyses yield surprising insights
The scientists examined six preserved specimens from scientific collections. They compared genetic data and physical characteristics with related lizard genera. Five genetic markers were considered, four from mitochondrial DNA and one from the cell nucleus.
Together with existing data, a comparison basis of 2,290 base pairs and 153 taxonomic study units was created. The analyses support its classification as a distinct evolutionary lineage.
Scale arrangement and characteristic pores on the underside of the body also distinguish the animals from related genera. The combination of genetic and anatomical characteristics was crucial for the new description.
Two lizard species had already been known since 2004
The discovery does not mean that all the animals were found for the first time. The species Petracola labioocularis and Proctoporus laudahnae, which had already been described in 2004, are now called Perusaurus labioocularis and Perusaurus laudahnae.
No verified genetic data are currently available for Perusaurus laudahnae. The classification is based on anatomical characteristics and geographical information. Further research is needed here.
Two additional populations are provisionally designated as Perusaurus sp. 1 and sp. 2. Further studies must determine whether they are distinct species.
International cooperation in Andean research
The research team includes Luis Mamani, Juan C. Chaparro, Víctor J. Vargas-García, Germán Chávez, and Alessandro Catenazzi. Peruvian research institutions and Florida International University in the United States were involved.
The study shows how valuable zoological collections remain. Even specimens collected years ago can provide important insights using new genetic methods. This allows earlier classifications to be reviewed.
Discovery could become important for species conservation
Little is currently known about the animals' actual distribution, population sizes, and threats. Agriculture, changes in vegetation, and interventions in natural habitats can impact the cloud forests of the Andes. It cannot yet be assessed what specific effects this has on Perusaurus.
The discovery of a tree frog in Huancavelica also shows how important research in little-studied habitats is. Effective conservation measures require reliable data on distribution, habitat, and populations.
Peru's Andes remain an important research area
The reassessment shows that Peru's biodiversity has not been fully mapped. Externally similar reptiles are not necessarily closely related. Genetic studies can make such differences visible.
Further discoveries, such as a plant species with almost black flowers in Manu National Park, highlight the research potential of remote Andean regions. Future studies could confirm two additional species of Perusaurus.
More background information on the region is available on the Huánuco page of PeruMagazin.
Frequently Asked Questions
What did scientists discover in Peru?
An international research team described the new lizard genus Perusaurus. Two known species were reclassified; two other possible species are being studied.
Where do Perusaurus lizards live?
The known locations so far are in Huánuco and Pasco at elevations between 2,980 and 3,300 meters.
Are they entirely new animal species?
Not entirely. Two species had already been known since 2004. Two other possible species have not yet been officially described.
When was the study published?
The research paper appeared in the scientific journal Taxonomy on October 26, 2026.
Why is the discovery important?
It improves the understanding of the relationships between small Andean reptiles and provides a basis for further research.
Are the animals endangered?
A definitive assessment is not currently possible. Data on populations, distribution, and threats are missing.
Sources
Scientific journal Taxonomy: A New Genus of Gymnophthalmid Lizard from the Central Peruvian Andes, October 26, 2026. Diario Jornada, November 4, 2026. Inforegión, November 5, 2026. La República Sostenible, November 6, 2026.
