Cusco, also known as Cuzco, is a city in southeastern Peru, near the Urubamba Valley in the Andes. It was once the capital of the Inca Empire and is known for its archaeological remains and Spanish colonial architecture. This article takes a detailed look at the history, culture, landmarks and tourist attractions of Cusco.
Historical background
Cusco has a rich history that dates back to before the arrival of the Spanish. The city was the heart of the powerful Inca Empire, which expanded its empire in all directions from here. The Inca called the city "Qosqo", meaning "Navel of the World" in their language, and it was a center of political, economic and cultural activity.
The Spanish conquered Cusco in the 16th century and built their colonial architecture on the ruins of the Inca city. This mix of indigenous and Spanish culture still shapes the appearance of Cusco today.
Attractions in Cusco
Cusco is rich in historical sites that attract visitors from all over the world. The most famous sights include:
- Plaza de Armas: Cusco's main square is surrounded by colonial buildings and an imposing cathedral. It is a popular meeting point for locals and tourists and a great place to observe city life.
- Sacsayhuamán: This impressive Inca fortress sits on a hill above Cusco and offers spectacular views of the city. The massive stones that form the fortress walls are an impressive example of the Inca engineering skills.
- Qorikancha: Also known as the "Temple of the Sun", this was once the most important religious temple in the Inca Empire. The Spanish later built the Church of Santo Domingo on the ruins of the temple.
- San Blas District: This district of Cusco is known for its narrow streets, pretty squares and artistic atmosphere. It also houses the famous church of San Blas with its beautiful baroque altar.
- San Pedro Market: Here visitors can experience the hustle and bustle of a Peruvian market and buy local products such as fruits, vegetables, handicrafts and textiles.
- Museums: Cusco is home to several interesting museums, including the Museum of Pre-Columbian Art, the Museum of History of the University of San Antonio Abad and the Museo Inka, dedicated to Inca history and culture. 
Tourist attractions in the area
In addition to the sights in the city, the surrounding area of Cusco offers numerous attractions for visitors. This includes:
- Machu Picchu: Located about 80 kilometers northwest of Cusco, this world-famous UNESCO World Heritage Site is one of the most impressive archaeological wonders in the world. Many visitors use Cusco as a base for their journey to Machu Picchu, either via the Inca Trail or by train.
- Sacred Valley of the Incas: This valley stretches along the Urubamba River and is dotted with picturesque villages, Inca ruins and agricultural terraces. Highlights include the ruins of Pisac, Ollantaytambo and Moray.
- Rainbow Mountain (Vinicunca): Located south of Cusco, this colorful mountain range is known for its colorful rock layers that create a spectacular sight.
- Maras Salt Terraces and Moray: These impressive agricultural terraces and salt pans date back to the Inca period and are a fascinating example of ancient engineering.
Culture and traditions
Cusco is a melting pot of different cultures and traditions and hosts numerous festivals and events throughout the year. The most notable include:
- Inti Raymi: This festival honoring the sun was the most important festival in the Inca calendar and is celebrated every year on June 24th with colorful processions and traditional dances.
- Corpus Christi: This Catholic festival is celebrated with great pomp in Cusco and includes processions with religious figures and traditional dances.
- Qoyllur Rit'i: This unique festival takes place near Cusco and combines Christian and indigenous rituals in honor of the snow god.
Food and Drink
Peruvian cuisine is famous for its variety and variety of flavors, and Cusco is no exception. Typical dishes include:
- Ceviche: A refreshing dish of raw fish marinated in lime juice, onions and chili.
- Cuy: Grilled guinea pig is a delicacy in Peru and is often served on special occasions.
- Lomo Saltado: A delicious dish of beef, onions, tomatoes and fries influenced by Chinese immigration.
- Pisco Sour: The famous Peruvian cocktail made with pisco, lime juice, sugar, egg white and Angostura bitters.
Cusco is a fascinating city full of history, culture and natural beauty. From the majestic Inca-era ruins to the colorful festivals and delicious cuisine, there is something to discover and experience in Cusco for every visitor. It's no wonder that the city is one of the most popular travel destinations in South America, attracting millions of tourists from all over the world every year.
